What is charcoal and how is it made?

Charcoal is a type of solid fuel obtained from the process of analyzing wood in the absence of air comes in this process, the wood decomposes due to the lack of air in the environment and its organic materials are converted into carbon materials, resulting in the production.
Charcoal is one of the first fuel sources used by humans. Since ancient times, charcoal has been used as the main fuel for heating and cooking. Currently, in some areas, especially in places where access to other fuel sources is limited, charcoal is used as a cheap and accessible source for heating and cooking.
Thus, charcoal is also used as a commercial fuel and is used in some industries such as electricity production, heat production and steel industries. However, due to its harmful effects on the environment as well as more attention to clean energy sources, the use of charcoal has been widely reduced.

Types of coal‌ :

Charcoal is available in different types and with different characteristics. Some common types of charcoal include:
White charcoal:
This type of charcoal is made from wood and a white texture is produced. White charcoal usually burns quickly and has high heat.
Brown charcoal :
Brown charcoal is made from softwood with a brown texture. This type of charcoal usually provides a slow and long-lasting burn.
Premium charcoal ‌:
A high-quality, premium type of charcoal from white and hard texture is prepared. This type of charcoal has fast-burning properties, high heat and the least ash formation. This type of charcoal may have unique properties and characteristics and is used for use in special conditions.
Combined charcoal:
Mixed charcoal includes a combination of different types of wood. This type of charcoal may be a combination of white and brown wood and has moderate properties.Charcoal combined with other materials:
Some coal wood be combined with other materials such as starch, rice husk, etc. This type of charcoal may have unique property’s and characteristics and is used for specific conditions.
It is important to specify the intended use of charcoal as well as pay attention to compliance with local and national regulations and standards related to the use of charcoal in each region.

Use of coal:

Charcoal is used in a variety of applications below are some of the important uses of charcoal:
Heating: Charcoal is a natural fuel source for home heating buildings, buildings and open spaces used. Because charcoal has strong heating properties, it is common to use charcoal for heating in cold regions and in situations where access to other fuel sources is limited.
Cooking: Charcoal as a fuel source for cooking in barbecues. Fire the game and stove ovens are used. Due to its ability to produce high heat and its slow-burning nature, charcoal is used to flavour foods and create a special smoky flavour in foods.
Industrial: charcoal is used in some industries such as steel production, paper production, pressed wood production, lime production, and chemical compound production. In these industries, charcoal is used as a heat and fuel source.
Electricity production: in some power plants Charcoal is used as the main fuel for electricity generation. Charcoal is a relatively cheap fuel that can be used to meet the energy needs of power generators.
Special uses: charcoal in some special uses such as the production of active carbon, the production of filters and absorbents is also used in the pharmaceutical industry and the production of bricks and pottery.
It is important because of the effects of losses and the burden of charcoal on the environment, and its responsible and sustainable use should be observed if possible, it should be focused on cleaner and more sustainable energy sources such as solar and wind energy.

How is charcoal made?

Making charcoal is a process in which wood is burned under certain conditions. This process is known as "carbonization" or "wood to charcoal". Below, I explain the main steps of making charcoal:
1. Plural Bringing wood:
First, you have to collect the wood boring Various types of wood can be used to make charcoal, including forest trees such as oak, hemlock, red oak, alder, and cypress, as well as wood waste from various industries.
2. Cleaning the wood:
Before turning wood into charcoal, it must be free from dust, dirt and other impurities Clean up.
3. Package formational:
Close the woodcut small ones and tied using metal strips or metal wire. These packs are used to create pressure and maintain the shape of the wood during the charcoaling process.
4. Coal Making:
Closed the wood is placed in an insulated chamber and it is kept at high temperature and in the absence of air. This process is known as charring or carbonization. In this process, high heat and lack of oxygen causes the wood to turn into charcoal. This process can be done in a large chamber or a charcoal furnace.
5. Charcoal cooling:
After the coal process is finished cool the produced slowly. This is important to the charcoal community in general, as the charcoals are ready for use and sale after the cooling stage.
It is important to know that the coal process construction may be done in different conditions and using various technologies and methods. Charcoal is produced in two main ways: soft charcoal and hard charcoal.

Soft charcoal:
1. Plural Bringing wood:
The wood Softwoods such as conifers such as cypress and forest wood such as oak and alder are collected.
2. Preparation Coal packages:
 The wood they put them in small packages and tie using metal strips or metal wire.
3. Coal Making:
4. Closed Wood chips are placed in a charcoal chamber or electric furnace. In this process, the wood is exposed to high temperatures (about 500-700 degrees Celsius) and in the absence of air. This process is managed through a process called ionization. In this process, wood is affected by heat and charcoal is produced.
5. Coal cooling:
After the coal process is completed they slowly cool the made coals.

Hard charcoal:
1. Plural Bringing wood:
Woodward woods such as oak, hemlock and red oak are collected.
2. Preparation Coal packages:
Wood they put them in small packages and tie them using metal strips or metal wire.
3. Coal Making:
Closed Wood is placed in a charcoal furnace. In this process, the wood is placed at a high temperature (about 1100-1300 degrees Celsius) and in the absence of air. This process is managed through a process called tuning. In this process, wood is subjected to heat and hard charcoal is produced.
4. Coal cooling:
After the coal process is completed, they slowly cool the made coals.

Characteristic of good coal:

Charcoal as a natural fuel, characteristic has several properties that make it a good option for some applications. Some of the important characteristics of charcoal are:
Thermal power: charcoal has high thermal power and can It can burn at high temperatures and for a long time. This feature makes charcoal suitable for use in heating homes, restaurants, industrial furnaces and other heating systems.
Long burn time: Charcoal typically has a longer times than other fuels such as wood and paper. This means that the charcoal can burn for a long time and does not need to be changed frequently.
Balanced burning: Charcoal burns evenly and provides complete combustion by providing uniform heat. This is an important feature to reduce air pollution and the production of smoke and solid particles.
Ability to save Long-term storage: Due to its special structure, charcoal can be stored for a long time. Produced coals can be stored for a long time and used when needed.
Easy transportation: due to its compactness and relatively lightweight, charcoal is easy to transport. This feature makes charcoal for use in applications such as local heating, Fire the suitable for games and camping make
Natural Existence: Charcoal is a natural fuel source and is not produced from fossil resources Therefore, the use of charcoal can be a more sustainable solution compared to the previously used fossil fuels.
It is important to know that the use of charcoal may be accompanied by some problems. For example, burning charcoal may lead to air pollution, releasing particulate matter and gaseous pollutants. Also, the use of charcoal in some areas may impose restrictions and regulations on environmental protection and air pollution reduction. Therefore, before using charcoal, it is best to familiarize yourself with your local conditions and regulations and follow them.

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